The elo system is still used. But now its hidden and called MMR. Your ranking is determimd by the value of your MMR at the time of placement. By default all players have an elo of 1200 before placing. This value changes drasticaly every match because of the formula used to calculate your mmr. The more games you play the slower this value changes. When matches are created the match making system does its best to match two teams of simar skill. So if you're a brand new player at 1200 duo queueing with a gold 5 player (roughly 1500) it is very likely that u will be matched against a team of silver 2-1's because they range from 1350-1450. If you are winning these games the likelyhood of you being placed into a high division is very likely because when your current rating is increased according to the value of the team you just beat.
This is to be compared to queueing alone or queueing with players that are currently ranked lower than the default elo. Winning these games will increase your MMR at a slower rate because the closer you are to the average skill level of the rest of the players in the match the closer the values are when calculating differences.
TLDR: its all about who you play with when placing. If you really care about where your going to end up make a friend and win some games
Ps: sorry if this is difficult to read, I'm posting it from my phone in class.
This is to be compared to queueing alone or queueing with players that are currently ranked lower than the default elo. Winning these games will increase your MMR at a slower rate because the closer you are to the average skill level of the rest of the players in the match the closer the values are when calculating differences.
TLDR: its all about who you play with when placing. If you really care about where your going to end up make a friend and win some games
Ps: sorry if this is difficult to read, I'm posting it from my phone in class.