I recently did a presentation explaining the psychosocial development of children during middle chilhood (Essentially from 6 - pre-puberty) and many of the issues they face can be explained using Erik Erikson's Developmental Stages.
During this time, children experience the struggle of Industry vs. Inferiority.
What this entails is that the child wonders if they are actually productive members of society, and productive to their social group. Essentially are they "Winners" or "Losers"
For instance, a child who is in a middle school band classroom may be at the same skill level as their peers, but due to social pressure, personal viewpoints, and the reaction of their social group, they can see themselves as worse off, and therefore losers.
The idea of being a winner is not based on an objective viewpoint. It is not even subjected to the parents viewpoint (although it can have an influence), it is most closely influenced by if a child is a winner from the viewpoint of their peers.
This is important to be aware of, as this ties into how interventions are created. It is not enough to simply tell a child to not break rules, but rather they have to be able to create an envrionment in their peer group that promotes following rules.