Well, If anything they might even help you progress more than ranked maps.
Generally you improve when you play a lot. But you will improve faster by playing a lot of map of different style. Ranked maps just means they are mapped in a certain way that fits the ranking criteria
but these days they are just bad excuse for people to put jump spam at the end of their 90 second anime opening so people can gain pp from it. Loved beatmap on the other hand, don't really fit these condition but people love it usually because they are
unique,
fun,
gimmicky or just
plain hard. So you will see what you don't normally see in ranked maps.
tbf it doesn't really matter if the map is ranked, loved or even unranked. As long as you play what you find hard (but not too hard) or challenging and always not afraid to try new things then you will improve.